Animation Wallpaper Biography
Animation may be defined as creating the illusion of movement or change by rapidly displaying a series of single frames, as with film or video (Roncarelli 1988). A common example would be the movement of a cartoon character. Movement can also be interpreted as the change in the perspective of the observer as the figure remains still.
The advantages and feasibility of cartographic animation were described by Norman Thrower as early as 1959 (Thrower 1959, 1961) who viewed its potential from the perspective of film. The computer was soon being used to create the individual frames (Cornwell and Robinson 1966). In the years since, there have been few examples of cartographic animations, due largely to the complexity of their creation and cartographers fixation on the printed map (Campbell and Egbert 1990; Karl 1992). Exceptions include cartographic animations to depict the growth of a city (Tobler 1970), traffic accidents (Moellering 1972, 1973a, 1973b), population growth in an urban region (Rase 1974) and three-dimensional cartographic objects (Moellering 1980a, 1980b).
Recent contributions in cartographic animation have attempted to formulate a conceptual foundation for the use of animation in cartography. Monmonier (1990) has proposed a scripting mechanism to direct the display of a map series and DiBiase et al., (1992) outline a series of dynamic variables for cartographic animation.
The animation of maps has been predominantly associated with the representation of change over time. Examples of temporal animations would include changes in per capita income, the increase in population density or the diffusion of a farming method such as irrigation. Cartographic animations are useful for other purposes as well, such as depicting the deformation caused by a map projection (Gersmehl 1990), a three-dimensional surface (Moellering 1980a, 1980b) or the classification of data (Peterson 1993). Such non-temporal uses of animation in cartography may evolve into the major application of the technique.
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
Animation Wallpaper
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